# Clinical Trials and Research References

> Published Reading List Compiled for Semaglutide New Mexico — Full bibliography and PubMed links for the published studies cited across Semaglutide New Mexico, covering obesity, heart, kidney, liver, and neural research.

**Bibliography & Primary Sources**

Every statistic, sample size, hazard ratio, and pharmacokinetic figure across this site is drawn from the fourteen peer-reviewed publications and monographs indexed below.

## Preclinical, Weight, Organ, and Safety Study Groups

Every clinical statistic, sample size, hazard ratio, and pharmacokinetic figure cited across Semaglutide New Mexico comes from four functional groups of peer-reviewed literature. First, preclinical and pharmacological papers—specifically the 2020 [JCI Insight rodent brain mapping study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32213703/), the 2024 [Current Issues in Molecular Biology mechanism review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39728000/), and the 2024 [StatPearls reference chapter](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK603723/)—establish structural homology with human GLP-1 (~94%), oral SNAC bioavailability (~0.4-1%), elimination half-life (~1 week, ~5 weeks in circulation), and rodent appetite nuclei.

Second, the weight-management trials include [STEP 1 in adults](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33567185/) (2021, n=1,961), [STEP 5 over 104 weeks](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36216945/) (2022), [STEP TEENS in adolescents](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36322838/) (2022), and the head-to-head [SURMOUNT-5 comparison with tirzepatide](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40353578/) (2025, n=751). Third, the organ-outcome trials encompass [SUSTAIN-6 in type 2 diabetes](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27633186/) (2016, n=3,297), [SELECT in cardiovascular disease](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37952131/) (2023, n=17,604), [STEP-HFpEF in heart failure](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37622681/) (2023), [FLOW in chronic kidney disease](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38785209/) (2024, n=3,533), and [ESSENCE in biopsy-confirmed MASH](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40305708/) (2025, n=1,197). Fourth, the 2025 [JAMA Psychiatry alcohol trial](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39937469/) (n=48) and the 2021 [Frontiers in Endocrinology safety review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34305810/) document alcohol self-administration outcomes and adverse events.

## References

[1] Semaglutide lowers body weight in rodents via distributed neural pathways https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32213703/
[2] Spotlight on the Mechanism of Action of Semaglutide https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39728000/
[3] Semaglutide (StatPearls) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK603723/
[4] Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33567185/
[5] Two-year effects of semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 5 trial https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36216945/
[6] Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adolescents with Obesity https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36322838/
[7] Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40353578/
[8] Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27633186/
[9] Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37952131/
[10] Semaglutide in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37622681/
[11] Effects of Semaglutide on Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38785209/
[12] Phase 3 Trial of Semaglutide in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40305708/
[13] Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39937469/
[14] Safety of Semaglutide https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34305810/

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On Semaglutide New Mexico, I share my own notes on published research for educational reading only, offering no medical advice, clinical care, or treatment instructions.